자료 및 출처 : 얄코[https://www.yalco.kr/]
GROUP BY - 조건에 따라 집계된 값을 가져옵니다.
SELECT Country FROM Customers
GROUP BY Country;
SELECT CategoryID FROM Products
GROUP BY CategoryID;
-- 여러 컬럼을 기준으로 그룹화할 수도 있습니다.
SELECT
Country, City,
CONCAT_WS(', ', City, Country)
FROM Customers
GROUP BY Country, City;
그룹 함수 활용하기
SELECT
COUNT(*), OrderDate
FROM Orders
GROUP BY OrderDate;
SELECT
ProductID,
SUM(Quantity) AS QuantitySum
FROM OrderDetails
GROUP BY ProductID
ORDER BY QuantitySum DESC;
SELECT
CategoryID,
MAX(Price) AS MaxPrice,
MIN(Price) AS MinPrice,
TRUNCATE((MAX(Price) + MIN(Price)) / 2, 2) AS MedianPrice,
TRUNCATE(AVG(Price), 2) AS AveragePrice
FROM Products
GROUP BY CategoryID;
SELECT
CONCAT_WS(', ', City, Country) AS Location,
COUNT(CustomerID)
FROM Customers
GROUP BY Country, City;
- ⚠️ ORDER BY 와는 함께 사용될 수 없습니다.
HAVING - 그룹화된 데이터 걸러내기
SELECT
Country, COUNT(*) AS Count
FROM Suppliers
GROUP BY Country
HAVING Count >= 3;
-- 💡WHERE은 그룹하기 전 데이터, HAVING은 그룹 후 집계에 사용합니다.
SELECT
COUNT(*) AS Count, OrderDate
FROM Orders
WHERE OrderDate > DATE('1996-12-31')
GROUP BY OrderDate
HAVING Count > 2;
SELECT
CategoryID,
MAX(Price) AS MaxPrice,
MIN(Price) AS MinPrice,
TRUNCATE((MAX(Price) + MIN(Price)) / 2, 2) AS MedianPrice,
TRUNCATE(AVG(Price), 2) AS AveragePrice
FROM Products
WHERE CategoryID > 2
GROUP BY CategoryID
HAVING
AveragePrice BETWEEN 20 AND 30
AND MedianPrice < 40;
DISTINCT - 중복된 값들을 제거합니다.
- GROUP BY와 달리 집계 함수가 사용되지 않습니다.
- GROUP BY와 달리 정렬하지 않으므로 더 빠릅니다.
SELECT DISTINCT CategoryID
FROM Products;
-- 위의 GROUP BY를 사용한 쿼리와 결과 비교
SELECT COUNT DISTINCT CategoryId
FROM Products;
SELECT DISTINCT Country
FROM Customers
ORDER BY Country;
SELECT DISTINCT Country, City
FROM Customers
ORDER BY Country, City;
--💡GROUP BY와 DISTINCT 함께 활용하기
SELECT
Country,
COUNT(DISTINCT CITY)
FROM Customers
GROUP BY Country;
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